Acronym Definition
OBMK Online BenchMark
OBMK Online Benzyl Methyl Keton
OBMK Of Blessed Memory Kill
OBMK Office of Budget Management (Ohio) Kit
OBMK Official Board Market
OBMK Oil-Based Muds (oil well drilling) Keeper
OBMK Old Brewery Mission Keeper
OBMK On-Board Monitor Keeper
OBMK Open Business Meeting Keeper
OBMK Operations Business Management Keeper
OBMK Optimized Bandwidth Management (Cisco) Keeper
OBMK Orbital Ballistic Missile Keeper
OBMK Ordnance Bench Mark
OBMK Original Box & Manual Keeper
OBMK Original Brand Manufacturer Keeper
OBMK Out Board Motor Keeper
OBMK Overlapped Block Matching Keeper
OBMK Own Brand Manufacturing Keeper
OBMK Online BenchMark
Benchmark may refer to:
Benchmark (surveying), a point of reference for a measurement
Benchmark (crude oil), a reference for and discussion of cost and/or pricing of
petroleum, such as Brent Crude and West Texas Intermediate in terms of
benchmarks based on classification differences.
Benchmark (computing), the result of running a computer program, or a set of
programs, in order to assess the relative performance of an object by running a
number of standard tests and trials against it
Benchmarking (geolocating), a sport similar to geocaching in which participants
individually go out and find benchmarks
Benchmarking, the process used in management in which organizations evaluate
various aspects of their processes in relation to the best practice, usually
within their own sector
Benchmark Capital, a venture capital firm behind various startups, such as (and
including) eBay.
The term benchmark originates from the chiseled horizontal marks that surveyors
made, into which an angle-iron could be placed to bracket ("bench") a levelling
rod, thus ensuring that the levelling rod can be repositioned in exactly the
same place in the future.
In computing, a benchmark is the act of running a computer program, a set of
programs, or other operations, in order to assess the relative performance of an
object, normally by running a number of standard tests and trials against it.
The term, benchmark, is also commonly used for specially-designed benchmarking
programs themselves. Benchmarking is usually associated with assessing
performance characteristics of computer hardware, for example, the floating
point operation performance of a CPU, but there are circumstances when the
technique is also applicable to software. Software benchmarks are, for example,
run against compilers or database management systems.
Benchmarks provide a method of comparing the performance of various subsystems
across different chip/system architectures. Benchmarking is helpful in
understanding how the database manager responds under varying conditions. You
can create scenarios that test deadlock handling, utility performance, different
methods of loading data, transaction rate characteristics as more users are
added, and even the effect on the application of using a new release of the
product.
Purpose
As computer architecture advanced, it became more and more difficult to compare
the performance of various computer systems simply by looking at their
specifications. Therefore, tests were developed that could be performed on
different systems, allowing the results from these tests to be compared across
different architectures. For example, while Intel Pentium 4 processors generally
operate at a higher clock frequency than AMD Athlon XP processors, this does not
necessarily translate to more computational power. In other words a 'slower' AMD
processor, with regard to clock frequency, can perform as well on benchmark
tests as an Intel processor operating at a higher frequency.
Benchmarks are designed to mimic a particular type of workload on a component or
system. "Synthetic" benchmarks do this by specially-created programs that impose
the workload on the component. "Application" benchmarks, instead, run actual
real-world programs on the system. Whilst application benchmarks usually give a
much better measure of real-world performance on a given system, synthetic
benchmarks still have their use for testing out individual components, like a
hard disk or networking device.
Benchmarks are particularly important in semiconductor microprocessor design,
giving processor architects the ability to measure and make tradeoffs in
microarchitectural decisions. For example, if a benchmark extracts the key
algorithms of an application, it will contain the performance-sensitive aspects
of that application. Running this much smaller "snippet" on a cycle-accurate
simulator, can give clues on how to improve performance.
Prior to 2000, computer and microprocessor architects used SPEC to do this,
although SPEC's Unix-based benchmarks were quite lengthy and thus unwieldy to
use intact.
Computer manufacturers have a long history of trying to set up their systems to
give unrealistically high performance on benchmark tests that is not replicated
in real usage. For instance, during the 1980s some compilers could detect a
specific mathematical operation used in a well-known floating-point benchmark
and replace the operation with a mathematically-equivalent operation that was
much faster. However, such a transformation was rarely useful outside the
benchmark until the mid-1990s, when RISC and VLIW architectures emphasized the
importance of compiler technology as it related to performance. Benchmarks are
now regularly used by compiler companies to improve not only their own benchmark
scores, but real application performance.
Manufacturers commonly report only those benchmarks (or aspects of benchmarks)
that show their products in the best light. They also have been known to mis-represent
the significance of benchmarks, again to show their products in the best
possible light. Taken together, these practices are called bench-marketing.
Users are recommended to take benchmarks, particularly those provided by
manufacturers themselves, with ample quantities of salt unless the benchmarks
are certified and relate directly to a recognizable application workload.
Ideally benchmarks should only substitute for real applications if the
application is unavailable, or too difficult or costly to port, to a specific
processor or computer system. If performance is really critical, the only
benchmark that matters is the actual workload that the system is to be used for.
If that is not possible, benchmarks that resemble real workloads as closely as
possible should be used, and even then used with skepticism unless independently
certified. It is quite possible for system A to outperform system B when running
a certain program on the workload in the benchmark, and the order to be reversed
with the same program on a real life workload.
Challenges
Benchmarking is not easy and often involves several iterative rounds in order to
arrive at predictable, useful conclusions. Interpretation of benchmarking data
is also extraordinarily difficult. Here is a partial list of common challenges:
Vendors tend to tune their products specifically for industry-standard
benchmarks. Norton SysInfo (SI) is particularly easy to tune for, since it
mainly biased toward the speed of multiple operations. Use extreme caution in
interpreting such results.
Benchmarks generally do not give any credit for any qualities of service aside
from raw performance. Examples of unmeasured qualities of service include
security, availability, reliability, execution integrity, serviceability,
scalability (especially the ability to quickly and nondisruptively add or
reallocate capacity), etc. There are often real trade-offs between and among
these qualities of service, and all are important in business computing. TPC
Benchmark specifications partially address these concerns by specifying ACID
property tests, database scalability rules, and service level requirements.
In general, benchmarks do not measure TCO. TPC Benchmark specifications
partially address this concern by specifying that a price/performance metric
must be reported in addition to a raw performance metric, using a simplified TCO
formula.
Benchmarks seldom measure real world performance of mixed workloads — running
multiple applications concurrently in a full, multi-department/multi-application
business context. For example, IBM's mainframe servers (System z9) excel at
mixed workload, but industry-standard benchmarks don't tend to measure the
strong I/O and large/fast memory design such servers require. (Most other server
architectures dictate fixed function/single purpose deployments, e.g. "database
servers" and "Web application servers" and "file servers," and measure only
that. The better question is, "What more computing infrastructure would I need
to fully support all this extra workload?")
Vendor benchmarks tend to ignore requirements for development, test, and
disaster recovery computing capacity. Vendors only like to report what might be
narrowly required for production capacity in order to make their initial
acquisition price seem as low as possible.
Benchmarks are having trouble adapting to widely distributed servers,
particularly those with extra sensitivity to network topologies. The emergence
of grid computing, in particular, complicates benchmarking since some workloads
are "grid friendly," while others are not.
Users can have very different perceptions of performance than benchmarks may
suggest. In particular, users appreciate predictability — servers that always
meet or exceed SLAs. Benchmarks tend to emphasize mean scores (IT perspective)
rather than low standard deviations (user perspective).
Many server architectures degrade dramatically at high (near 100%) levels of
usage — "fall off a cliff" — and benchmarks should (but often do not) take that
factor into account. Vendors, in particular, tend to publish server benchmarks
at continuous ~80% usage — a totally unreal situation — and do not document what
happens to the overall system when/if demand spikes beyond that level.
Benchmarking institutions often disregard or do not follow basic scientific
method. This includes, but is not limited to: small sample size, lack of
variable control, and the limited repeatability of results. [1]
Types of benchmarks
Real program
word processing software
tool software of CDA
user's application software (MIS)
Kernel
contains key codes
normally abstracted from actual program
popular kernel: Livermore loop
linpack benchmark (contains basic linear algebra subroutine written in FORTRAN
language)
results are represented in MFLOPS
Toy Benchmark/ micro-benchmark
user can program it and use it to test computer's basic components
automatic detection of computer's hardware parameters like number of registers,
cache size, memory latency
Synthetic Benchmark
Procedure for programming synthetic Bench mark
take statistics of all type of operations from plenty of application programs
get proportion of each operation
write a program based on the proportion above
Types of Synthetic Benchmark are:
Whetstone
Dhrystone
Its results are represented in KWIPS (kilo whetstone instructions per second).
It is not suitable for measuring pipeline computers.
I/O benchmarks
Parallel benchmarks: used on machines with multiple processors or systems
consisting of multiple machines.
Common benchmarks
Industry Standard (audited and verifiable)
Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC)
Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC)
BAPCoan industry consortium developing benchmarks for Windows personal computers
Synchromesh Computing benchmark tests
The Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium (EEMBC)
Others
Khornerstone
Aquamark
GL Excess
The BRL-CAD Benchmark
Open source benchmarks
miniBench: a comprehensive commandline benchmark written in C++. miniBench is
intended to be cross-platform and contains over 90 different tests. miniBench is
a branch of OpenSourceMark.
TPoX: An XML transaction processing benchmark for XML databases
Dhrystone: integer arithmetic performance
Fhourstones: an integer benchmark
Whetstone: floating-point arithmetic performance
ApFloat: floating point
Linpack / LAPACK
OpenSourceMark: A powerful, comprehensive set of open source system benchmarks
and utilities written primarily in Delphi. OpenSourceMark has a user friendly
GUI and features a flexible result viewer.
GliBench: a Gui based benchmarking tool to check CPU and hard disk performance.
MemPerf: memory bandwidth
LLCBench: a group of benchmark for cache, MPI,etc.
LMbench: a suite of simple, portable benchmarks for OS and some CPU / Memory
parameters
Calibrator: a small cache-memory and TLB Calibration Tool written in C. Results
include cache size,linesize, access/miss latency, TLB entries, pagesize, miss
penalty, memory access latency. gnuplot scripts are also generated to display
results graphically.
X-RayAutomatic Measurement of Memory Hierarchy Parameters
nbench: Memory, integer and floating point comparison with AMD K6 233MHz ported
from BYTE Magazine's BYTEmark benchmark program.
Ubench: Unix Benchmark Utility for testing CPU(s) and memory.
NAS parallel benchmarks
PAL: A benchmark for realtime physics engines
Povray: 3D render
SPLASH:Stanford Parallel Applications for Shared Memory (SPLASH)
Iometer: I/O subsystem measurement and characterization tool for single and
clustered systems.
Iozone file I/O a filesystem benchmark tool. The benchmark generates and
measures a variety of file operations.
Bonnie++: File I/O
netperf : network throughput and latency benchmark
GENESIS distributed memory benchmark suite
HINT: It ranks a computer system as a whole.
Himeno Benchmark
STREAM : measures sustainable memory bandwidth the corresponding computation
rate for simple vector kernels.
SKaMPIa suite of tests designed to measure the performance of MPI.
GL O.B.S. : OpenGL Open Benchmark Suite.
MediaBench : Benchmark suite for multimedia systems.
VMmark, a server virtualization benchmark suite from VMware.
Microsoft Windows benchmarks
OpenSourceMark: A powerful, comprehensive set of open source system benchmarks
and utilities written primarily in Delphi. OpenSourceMark has a user friendly
GUI and features a flexible result viewer.
miniBench: a comprehensive commandline benchmark written in C++. miniBench is
intended to be cross-platform and contains over 90 different tests. miniBench is
a branch of OpenSourceMark.
PassMark Software: PerformanceTest (32-bit or 64-bit)
Lavalys EVEREST
SiSoftware Sandra
Futuremark:3DMark, PCMark, SPMark
BAPCo: Mobilemark, SYSmark, Webmark
BYTEmark benchmark suite
REALiX HWiFO32
DocMemory Diagnostic software
CD Speed 99
CPUmark
CPU-Z
InfoTool
WinBench 99
CPU Rightmark
Whetstone
PiFast
Super PI
Maxon:Cinebench
Primate Labs:Geekbench
Mac OS X benchmarks
Spiny:Xbench
Maxon:Cinebench
Primate Labs:Geekbench
Java benchmarks
JatMark Performance Benchmark
Embedded Systems Benchmarks
The following are benchmarks published by the EEMBC specifically for embedded
systems and consumer devices [2].
AutoBench
ConsumerBench
DENBench
GrinderBench (Java)
Networking
OABench
StorageBench
TeleBench
Books
Jim Gray (Editor), The Benchmark Handbook for Database and Transaction Systems
(2nd Edition), Morgan Kaufmann, 1993, ISBN 1-55860-292-5
Database Benchmarking Practical Methods for Oracle & SQL Server Dr. Bert Scalzo,
Kevin Kline, Claudia Fernandez, Donald K. Burleson, Mike Ault, 2007, ISBN
0-9776715-3-4
Are you interested in
mult-player online internet games? Such as runescape and neopets?Internet
Game Online-games, tips, cheats and kids forumsAnother
good forum is the Internet Junction For Gamers IJFG.COM
Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and
More IJFG.COM Jokes, Pranks, Runescape and other cool games at IJFG.COM.
RuneScape is set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or
"EverQuest", where players control character representations of themselves. As
with most massive multiplayer online roleplaying games (MMORPG), there is no
overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form alliances, perform
optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build character's skills.
RuneScape has often been one of
the top massive online role playing games. It is a unique game. But, with a
unique game, comes unique players. Players get bored, and then try to develop
cheats....autos or bots that will help them achieve success in their beloved
games of Runescape 2.
RuneScape is a virtual world which
is divided into two part: Members Areas and Non-Members areas. People who pay to
play (p2p), receive access to the special areas. They also have access to the
free areas. The members' places are much larger, offer "better" items for the
gameplay of rs2, and much, much more. The character that you create when you
first start playing runescape, moves around the game on foot; either by running,
or walking. Players are challenged to their utmost skills by fighting new
monsters, completing difficult quests, and manipulating marketing. As Runescape
2 is an RPG (Role playing game), there is no set path a person must take to play
rs. They can choose what to do, and when, whether it be training their
money-making skills, or fighting another player. Players usually interact with
each other by chatting through public chat, or private chat.Internet
Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More IJFG.COM IJFG.com was a
runescape 2 based site. They have now, however, taken another look....
Of course the king of all game
cheating websites is
trick
the trik (otherwise known as RPG Cheats Site), where you can find cheat
forums, mmorpg topsite, arcade games and any mmo game related topics.
The master of massive multiplayer
online role-playing games (MMORPG) cheats can be found at Trik.com
Trik.com; this site is one of the best today. The forum section,
Trik.com forum, originally came from IJFG.com (Internet Junction For
Gamers) , which was one of the best websites that discussed various gamers'
issues. The full name was Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and
More. This site had Jokes, Pranks, RuneScape and other cool games. RuneScape is
set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or "EverQuest," where
players control character representations of themselves. As with most MMORPG,
there is no overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form
alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build
characters' skills.
Trik.com continues IJFG.com's
success, but Trik.com has more to offer. Trik Topsite can be found at
Trik Topsite; the TopSite is a great addition if you want to find the best
MMO RPG site(s) or raise your site in the rankings. Trik.com also has a
viciously competitive Arcade. If you want to be the #1 Arcade on Trik, then come
prove yourself at Trik.com arcade:
Trik arcade. Trik.com ?Trik.com/topsite ?Trik.com/forum/arcade.php
With the rising popularity of
commercial MMORPG games came the desire from ardent players of these games to
run their own servers beside the ones run by the game's creator. Since the
original server software is not usually available, the behavior of the server
has to be re-engineered. This can be done by analyzing the data stream with the
original server, or by disassembling and analyzing the client which is
available.
Ultima Online was one of the first
large MMORPGs. Due to its openness in implementation, server emulators arose
very quickly, even during the beta stage of development. The destination to
which the client connects was changeable by simply editing a text file. In beta
stage the client-server data stream was not encrypted yet. The term server
emulator became known through Ultima Online server reimplementation such as UOX,
which was the pioneer. Many forks and reimplementations followed UOX, because
its source code was released under the GNU General Public License relatively
early. RunUO is today the most widely used UO-server emulator. After RuneScape
implemented anti-cheating measures, many gamers left and started their own
private servers. The best place to discuss the private server is at
Trik- The Master of Private Server.
Another useful site is
Rune
Web ruwb.com . This site is about more serious RuneScape gold trading,
account exchange, gold for real life cash and many services. It includes tips on
how to avoid getting lured/scammed while using the marketplace. For programming,
visual basics, java, C/C++, scar and all other languages such as PHP, HTML, ASP,
Delphi. There are also sections for graphics talents, plus many cool videos and
fun stuff.
A defining moment in internet
gaming history was when a group of gamers called (hygo 7) decided to start an
ultimate game forum, which they named
hygo.com. It has the best financial backing, the friendliest game community,
and the highest quality of information. Currently Hygo.com has entered a new
phase...Hygo.com is offering the best private server game. With thousands of
members, Hygo.com is your next place to visit, as they have an amazing game with
a community and economy.
Hygo.com - The Online Adventure Game. is definitely one of the top sites you
want to join right now!
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